Nano-enabled Plant Hormone Physiology and Stress Management

This book presents a forward-looking exploration of how nanotechnology can transform the understanding and application of plant hormones in modern agriculture. Integrating plant physiology, nanobiotechnology, and sustainable crop science, it offers a framework for examining how engineered nanomaterials enhance phytohormone stability, mobility, signaling, and bioavailability. The book begins with the fundamentals of plant hormonal regulation, outlining the biosynthesis, transport, and signaling of major hormones, including auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonates, and salicylic acid. These sections explain hormone function under normal and stress conditions, explaining nanoscale modulation of hormonal balance. It then introduces nanotechnology principles relevant to plants, including the design, synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of nanomaterials such as metallic, polymeric, carbon-based, and silica nanoparticles. A central focus is plant-nano interactions. Chapters examine nanoparticle uptake through roots and leaves, transport via apoplastic and symplastic pathways, movement through xylem and phloem, and cellular localization. Plant responses, including physiological, molecular, and toxicological effects, are critically assessed with attention to dose dependence, safety, and risk frameworks. The book also presents hormone-specific nanodelivery systems that improve targeting, controlled release, and efficiency compared to conventional methods. Advanced sections highlight applications of nano-enabled hormone regulation for enhancing stress tolerance, growth, reproduction, photosynthesis, defense, and yield under climate stress. It also explores hormone-nutrient interactions, seed nanopriming, and nanobased biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. Emerging technologies, including nanobiosensors and precision agriculture systems, demonstrate integration of real-time monitoring with targeted delivery. Designed for researchers and professionals, this volume provides both scientific depth and practical insight, supporting innovation in sustainable, nano-enabled crop management.